ASTM A423/A423M Standard Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes
1. Scope
1.1 This specification 2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and electric-resistance welded, low-alloy steel tubes for pressure containing parts such as economizers or other applications where corrosion resistance is important.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1 ⁄ 2to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.500 in. [0.9 to 12.7 mm] inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1 ⁄ 4 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 An optional supplementary requirement is provided and, when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (seamless or electric-resistance-welded tubes),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Manufacture (hot finished or cold finished),
3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
3.1.6 Length (specific or random),
3.1.7 Optional requirements (hydrostatic or electric test,
13.7),
3.1.8 Test report required (see Certification Section of Specification A450/A450M),
3.1.9 Specification designation, and
3.1.10 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.
4. Manufacture
4.1 Tubes made by the seamless process may be hot finished or cold finished.
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 All tubes shall be normalized or given such heat treatment as may be necessary to conform to the requirements of this specification.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
7. Product Analysis
7.1 An analysis of either one billet, one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths offlat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question shall meetthe requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining
material in the heat or lot (Note 1) shall be rejected or, at the option ofthe producer, each billet, length offlat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths offlat-rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specification shall be rejected.
Note1—For flattening, flaring, and flange requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 2.
Note 2—For tensile and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, a lot shall include all tubes ofthe same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed.
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.
9. Hardness Requirements
9.1 The tubes shall have a hardness number not exceeding 170 HB or 87 HRB.
10. Forming Operations
10.1 Tubes when inserted in the boiler shall stand expanding and beading without showing cracks or flaws.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Carbon, max 0.15 0.15 0.06
Manganese 0.55 max 0.50–1.00 0.70–1.40
Phosphorus 0.06–0.16 0.04 max 0.020 max
Sulfur, max 0.060 0.05 0.020
Silicon 0.10 min ... 0.55 max
Copper 0.20–0.60 0.30–1.00 0.25–0.45
Chromium 0.24–1.31 ... ...
Nickel 0.20–0.70 0.40–1.10 0.50 max
Molybdenum ... 0.10 min 0.20 max
Antimony ... ... 0.05–0.15
TABLE 2 Number of Tubes in a Lot Heat Treated by the
Continuous Process Size of Tube Size of Lot
2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter and 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] and over in wall thickness not more than 50 tubes
Less than 2 in. [50.8 mm] but over 1 in. [25.4 mm] in
outside diameter or over 1 in. [25.4 mm] in
outside diameter and under 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] in wall thickness not more than 75
tubes
1 in. [25.4 mm] or less in outside diameter not more than 125
tubes
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Grades 1 and
2
Grade 3
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 55 [380]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 33 [230]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm,
min, %
25 35
For longitudinal strip tests a
deduction for each
1 ⁄ 32 in.
[0.8 mm] decrease in wall
thickness below
5 ⁄ 1 6 in. [8 mm]
from the basic minimum
elongation of the following
percentage points shall be
made
1.25 A 1.25
11. Mechanical Tests Required
11.1 Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (Note 2).
11.2 Flattening Test—One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end ofone finished tube, not the one used for the flaring or flanging test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.3 Flaring Test (Seamless Tubes)—One flaring test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube, not the one used for the flattening test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.4 Flange Test (Welded Tubes)—One flange test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube, not the one used for the flattening test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.5 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (Note 2).
11.6 Reverse Flattening Test—For welded tubes, one re- verse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [460 m] of finished tubing.
11.7 Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test—Each tube shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test, or, instead of this test, a nondestructive electric test may be used when specified by the purchaser.
12. General Requirements
12.1 Material furnished under this specification should con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A450/A450M, unless otherwise provided herein.
13. Product Marking
13.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A450/A450M, the marking shall include whether hot finished or cold finished, and whether seamless or welded.
14. Keywords
14.1 seamless steel tube; steel tube; alloy; welded steel tube
by finned tube manufacturer
1. Scope
1.1 This specification 2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and electric-resistance welded, low-alloy steel tubes for pressure containing parts such as economizers or other applications where corrosion resistance is important.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1 ⁄ 2to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.500 in. [0.9 to 12.7 mm] inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1 ⁄ 4 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 An optional supplementary requirement is provided and, when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (seamless or electric-resistance-welded tubes),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Manufacture (hot finished or cold finished),
3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
3.1.6 Length (specific or random),
3.1.7 Optional requirements (hydrostatic or electric test,
13.7),
3.1.8 Test report required (see Certification Section of Specification A450/A450M),
3.1.9 Specification designation, and
3.1.10 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.
4. Manufacture
4.1 Tubes made by the seamless process may be hot finished or cold finished.
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 All tubes shall be normalized or given such heat treatment as may be necessary to conform to the requirements of this specification.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
7. Product Analysis
7.1 An analysis of either one billet, one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths offlat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question shall meetthe requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining
material in the heat or lot (Note 1) shall be rejected or, at the option ofthe producer, each billet, length offlat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths offlat-rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specification shall be rejected.
Note1—For flattening, flaring, and flange requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 2.
Note 2—For tensile and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat which are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, a lot shall include all tubes ofthe same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed.
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.
9. Hardness Requirements
9.1 The tubes shall have a hardness number not exceeding 170 HB or 87 HRB.
10. Forming Operations
10.1 Tubes when inserted in the boiler shall stand expanding and beading without showing cracks or flaws.
Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Carbon, max 0.15 0.15 0.06
Manganese 0.55 max 0.50–1.00 0.70–1.40
Phosphorus 0.06–0.16 0.04 max 0.020 max
Sulfur, max 0.060 0.05 0.020
Silicon 0.10 min ... 0.55 max
Copper 0.20–0.60 0.30–1.00 0.25–0.45
Chromium 0.24–1.31 ... ...
Nickel 0.20–0.70 0.40–1.10 0.50 max
Molybdenum ... 0.10 min 0.20 max
Antimony ... ... 0.05–0.15
TABLE 2 Number of Tubes in a Lot Heat Treated by the
Continuous Process Size of Tube Size of Lot
2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter and 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] and over in wall thickness not more than 50 tubes
Less than 2 in. [50.8 mm] but over 1 in. [25.4 mm] in
outside diameter or over 1 in. [25.4 mm] in
outside diameter and under 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] in wall thickness not more than 75
tubes
1 in. [25.4 mm] or less in outside diameter not more than 125
tubes
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Grades 1 and
2
Grade 3
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 55 [380]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 33 [230]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm,
min, %
25 35
For longitudinal strip tests a
deduction for each
1 ⁄ 32 in.
[0.8 mm] decrease in wall
thickness below
5 ⁄ 1 6 in. [8 mm]
from the basic minimum
elongation of the following
percentage points shall be
made
1.25 A 1.25
11. Mechanical Tests Required
11.1 Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (Note 2).
11.2 Flattening Test—One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end ofone finished tube, not the one used for the flaring or flanging test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.3 Flaring Test (Seamless Tubes)—One flaring test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube, not the one used for the flattening test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.4 Flange Test (Welded Tubes)—One flange test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube, not the one used for the flattening test, from each lot (Note 1).
11.5 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (Note 2).
11.6 Reverse Flattening Test—For welded tubes, one re- verse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [460 m] of finished tubing.
11.7 Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test—Each tube shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test, or, instead of this test, a nondestructive electric test may be used when specified by the purchaser.
12. General Requirements
12.1 Material furnished under this specification should con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A450/A450M, unless otherwise provided herein.
13. Product Marking
13.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A450/A450M, the marking shall include whether hot finished or cold finished, and whether seamless or welded.
14. Keywords
14.1 seamless steel tube; steel tube; alloy; welded steel tube
by finned tube manufacturer
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